Showing posts with label rebirth. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rebirth. Show all posts

Thursday, November 17, 2011

Sex with animals tied to penile cancer in men

Ashley Wells, Prof. White, Wisdom Quarterly (editors), KTLA.com
Sex With Animals Tied to Penile Cancer in Men SHOCKING NEWS: Unconscionable, subhuman sexual misconduct exists among Americans.

Sex with animals tied to penile cancer in men
Bestiality, often thought of as a myth rather than an actual perversion leading to rebirth among animals or worse, now gets recognition by its connection to cancer.

Legend holds that Europeans -- coming with Columbus, Conquistadors, Dutch merchants, British naval fleets, French and Portuguese and Spanish expeditions -- raped animals and spread venereal diseases among themselves. On arrival they raped the indigenous population of a fully occupied "New World."
They thereby spread disease and took advantage of the lack of immunity to European plagues that were deadly to those without immunity. "Germs, Guns, and Steel" explains some of the impersonal aspects that led to the successful colonization, enslavement, and extermination of natives ("Indians") in the Americas by European imperialists, colonialists, and entrepreneurs.

Not only piracy, which became rampant throughout the Caribbean, Gulf, and Mississippi River, but state-sponsored slavery and theft led to the stealing and dividing up of indigenous nations throughout what is now called the United States (and parts of Canada and Mexico) and neighboring island nation. Bestiality and homosexual rape, as well as genocide and mass rape (as a war tactic) was known to have occurred.

This aided the biological warfare of spreading diseases for which there was neither immunity nor a cure. The natives were decimated. The European conquerors also suffered great losses before European women were brought in large numbers to civilize the men and establish functional colonies profitable to the "Old World."

This history of violence and European mayhem, which was far worse than earlier Viking raids and conquests along Nova Scotia and possible encampment along the northeastern US coast, continues. Men today are engaged in raping other men in prison, in incestuous relationships, and as acts of aggression and dominance (and possibly covert gay longings) duplicating the trauma they have suffered at the hands of their fathers and forebears.

The harm to animals does not seem to alarm anyone. But the consequences to human penises has now made the news. Cancer rates in male genitalia has been etiologically linked. A taboo topic, sexual misconduct (kamesu micchacara) rarely appears this shockingly clear in the mainstream media.

And, of course, no one is allowed to link this behavior with Judeo-Christian biblical injunctions to exercise "dominion" over the animal kingdom, which many Christian men seem to take very literally. (The mistranslation of the word, which means "caretaking" or acting as regents until the king returns, again leads to abuse that followers blindly abide because "the Bible says so" when it actually does not).

Puppy killed by boyfriend when woman refuses sex with boyfriend
DA: Teacher Accused of Masturbating in Class Fantasized About Student

Prosecutors charge two men with annoying kids on OC buses
Man Arrested For Calling 911 Five Times For Help With iPhone [AUDIO]

Man Arrested After Killing, Eating A Bobcat While High On Meth
Dad Charged After Doctors Find Baby Wipe Lodged in Infant's Throat
Dad Charged After Doctors Find Baby Wipe Lodged in Infant's Throat
Fifth grade Illinois girl commits suicide, family blames bullies

Fifth Grader Commits Suicide, Family Blames Bullies

Woman Survives Attack by Killer Who Stored Teen's Body in Freezer

Woman Survives Attack by Killer Who Stored Teen's Body in Freezer

Woman Hides Stolen Fur Coat In Underwear For 3 Days

Woman Hides Stolen Fur Coat In Underwear For 3 Days

Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Action (karma) has Fruit

Wisdom Quarterly
Karma is a broad and complex with mental resultants and fruit, vipaka and phala (buddhist-network.com).

According to the Buddha: Beings are owners of their actions (karma, those things willed, performed, and accumulated), inheritors of their actions, are created by their actions, linked to their actions. Their actions produce their destiny.

Whatever actions they engage in -- profitable and unprofitable skillful or unskillful -- the resultants (vipaka) and fruit (phala) will be theirs.

There is one who
  • PHYSICALLY: kills living beings, steals what belongs to others, sexually misconducts [harming others under protection or in a relationship];
  • VERBALLY: utters falsehoods, uses divisive and aggressive speech, prattles empty speech; is covetous, envious,
  • MENTALLY: is jealous, malicious, or holds wrong views.
The intention or motivation behind bodily, verbal, and mental actions -- whether rooted in greed, aversion, or delusion or their opposites -- determines the quality of the fruit to be expected. [The morality of the person or persons one does it to also contributes a great deal.]

Hidden and secret are such intentions determining the eventual result of one's deeds, words, and thoughts [when they opportunistically get a chance to ripen]. It is difficult to know others' ulterior and concealed motives but possible, with mindful reflection, to discern one's own.

But I tell you: Whoever pursues hidden ways and [harmful] objectives may expect one of two results -- either torments in perdition or rebirth among animals. So it is with the rebirth of any being. They are reborn according to their store of actions.
  • [The death-proximate consciousness is followed by the rebirth-linking consciousness taking some past act as object; karma therefore gains the opportunity to condition the following life, and other karma results in the conditions one meets, and how one reacts is again the karma one is making and can expect to inherit; therefore, a stumble can lead to downfall unless, in the face of adversity, one maintains the habit of skillful and profitable responses.]
When reborn, beings experience the exact effects of their actions. Therefore do I declare: Beings are owners of their actions, inheritor of their actions, are created by their actions, are linked to their actions either [in the case of unskillful actions] like a heavy load drawn by a yoked ox or [in the case of skillful deeds] a weightless shadow that follows one everywhere.

Their actions produce and condition their destiny. Whatever actions they perform, wholesome or unwholesome, the results and fruits will be their inheritance. Karma causes and conditions not only rebirth but the conditions that follow.

Friday, November 4, 2011

Bangkok is drowning

Irwin Loy (TheWorld.org, Nov. 2, 2011)
Climate chaos affects all Earthlings like rescued pets in Bangkok (Irwin Loy/Theworld.org)

Some of those stranded in Thailand’s calamitous floods are family pets. A group of volunteers has been heading into flooded Bangkok neighborhoods, rescuing frantic cats and dogs. Irwin Loy went along with one pet rescue team. Comment

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Tibet: "My Reincarnation" (Rebirth)


My Reincarnation - Official Trailer from Zohe Films on Vimeo

Filmed over 20 years by acclaimed documentary filmmaker Jennifer Fox (Flying: Confessions of a Free Woman), "My Reincarnation" chronicles the epic story of the high Tibetan Buddhist master Chögyal Namkhai Norbu and his Western-born son, Yeshi.
The film follows Namkhai Norbu’s rise to greatness as a Buddhist teacher in the West, while Yeshi, recognized at birth as the reincarnation or rebirth of a famous spiritual master (a tulku), breaks away from his father’s tradition to embrace the modern world.

Can the father convince his son to keep the family’s threatened spiritual legacy alive? Never before has a high Tibetan master allowed such complete access to his private life, and it is doubtful that another ever will.

With her intimate entry to both family and icons including the Dalai Lama, Fox expertly distills a decades-long drama into a universal story about love, transformation, and destiny.

This is an epic father-son drama spanning two decades and three generations. It is about Buddhism, cultural survival, identity, inheritance, family, growing old, growing up, faith, meditation, religion, magic, dreaming, spirituality, Dzogchen -- and past and future lives.

The film follows the renowned reincarnate Tibetan spiritual master Chögyal Namkhai Norbu as he struggles to save his spiritual tradition and his Italian-born son, Yeshi, who stubbornly refuses to follow in his father’s footsteps. More


(
) "Rebirth"

Thursday, September 29, 2011

Why the Dalai Lama worries about rebirth

Why the Dalai Lama worries about rebirth
The Dalai Lama, leader of Tibet, with Nelson Mandela in Africa (AP)

BEIJING, China (Xinhua) - The 14th Dalai Lama said Saturday he will decide whether to be incarnated [reborn] when he is "about 90" and that China should have no say in the matter.

If he is to be reincarnated, he will leave clear written instructions about the process, the Dalai Lama said in a statement after a meeting with leaders of the four Tibetan sects.

"Apart from the reincarnation recognized through such legitimate methods, no recognition or acceptance should be given to a candidate chosen for political ends by anyone, including those in the People's Republic of China," he said.

The Dalai Lama has brought up the same issue of his reincarnation on many occasions in the last two years. More

Samsara is a flood of rebirth and dukkha

Monday, September 19, 2011

The Amazing Truth about Time Travel (audio)

Wisdom Quarterly, Coast to Coast AM

Is time travel real? - Project Pegasus - Time Travelers I've Met - Tori Amos


() AUDIO: Part 1/2 Dr. Goldberg, C to C, 9-16-11. PART II:

AUDIO: Part 2: Dr. Goldberg on Coast to Coast, 9-16-11

Host George Noory welcomed hypnotherapist Dr. Bruce Goldberg who discussed seeing the future, finding release from samsara (the round of rebirth), successfully traversing the Bardo or "intermediate state" between life and death in Tibetan lore, finding solutions with the help of our higher self, traveling to the fifth dimension, teleportation, and using ascension techniques.
FAIR USE NOTICE: video may contain copyrighted (©) material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available to advance understanding of ecological, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, moral, ethical, and social justice issues, etc. It is believed that this constitutes a "fair use" of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior general interest in receiving similar information for research and educational.

Nessie, Loch Ness monster, caught on film

Wednesday, September 14, 2011

The 2012 Enigma (video)

() Edgar Cayce (reborn as David Wilcock) Sixth annual Conscious Life Expo, Los Angeles, CA 2008

2012: Tragedy, ascension, or just another year? David Wilcock (divinecosmos.com) exposes many secrets: The Mayan Calendar, consciousness science, unlocked DNA, wormholes, stargate travel, sacred geometry, three-dimensional time, and much more!

  • Part I: CONVERGENCE The Movie, consciousness energy field, Edgar Cayce reincarnation, Da Vinci Code, Inconvenient Truth, galactic alignment, dodecahedron, 2012 and DNA crop circles, sacred geometry as vibration, tetrahedron, 19.5 degrees
  • Part II: Hans Jenny and Cymatics, space and time inverting, wave-particle duality, Buckyballs and fullerenes, DNA as a wave, Kaznacheyev, psychic healing, Dewey Larson, 3-D time, space-time fabric, time-space
  • Part III: Fairy circles, natural stargates, ESP, nested spheres, channeling, chakras, pineal gland, Sumerian tablets, Osiris, kundalini, pine cone symbolism, Tammuz, Shiva, Third Eye, Bindi, Bacchus, Dionysus, Jesus, the Vatican
  • Part IV: Pyramid sarcophagus, cathedral windows, the World Tree, melatonin, DMT, ayahuasca, Dreams, Out of Body Experience, the Silver Cord
  • Part V: Mark of the Beast, microclusters, synchronicity, shamanism, holographic sound, reverse-engineering the pineal gland, Dan Burisch, Project Looking Glass, CONTACT
  • Part VI: The Last Mimzy, the Roswell Crash, the Cube and Yellow Disc, Hellraiser, election tampering, pole shift, time-viewing technology, the Iraq War, DCTP or Doctrine of the Convergent Timeline Paradox, human-lineage extraterrestrials (ETs)
  • Part VII: Tree of Life, Illuminati, Rothschilds, Hitler, New World Order, Lucifer, Luciferian philosophy, Catholic church, Philadelphia Experiment and Rainbow Project
  • Part VIII: Phoenix III, Montauk chair, time travel, Dec. 21, 2012, 20-year cycle, Stargate SG-1, Outer Band Individuated Teletracer or OBIT, The Outer Limits, Time Vector Generator or TVG, Mars' pyramids, underground bases, jumproom, Total Recall, Minority Report, X-Men and Cerebro, Rifts in Time
  • Part IX: Forbidden Planet, psychic conduit, LSD trips, zero-time, 2012 dimensional shift, Edgar Cayce readings, Chandler's Wobble, pole shift, Library of Atlantis or Hall of Records, California earthquakes
  • Part X: Create your own reality, 2012 not cataclysmic, Russian physics, Dr. Sergey Smelyakov and Auric Time Scale, Mayan Calendar, spiral imploding into 2012 changing consciousness, Ascended abilities, spiritual growth.

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Copyright Disclaimer: Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. All copyrighted materials contained herein belong to their respective copyright holders, I do not claim ownership over any of these materials. I realize no profit, monetary or otherwise, from the exhibition of these videos.

Friday, September 2, 2011

The Cow Sutra! (AN 9.35)

"The Cow," Gavi Sutta (AN 9.35), derivative translation by Seven (Wisdom Quarterly)





[The Buddha:] "Suppose there were a mountain cow -- foolish, inexperienced, unfamiliar with its field, unskilled in roaming on rugged mountains -- and it were to think, 'What if I were to go in a direction I have never gone before, eat grass I have never eaten before, drink water I never drank before?'



"It would lift its hind hoof without having firmly placed its front hoof and [as a result] would not go in a direction it had never gone before, eat grass it had never eaten before, or drink water it never drank before.



"And as for the place where it was standing when the thought occurred, 'What if I were to...' it would not return there safely.



"Why? It is because it is a foolish, inexperienced mountain cow, unfamiliar with its field, unskilled in roaming on rugged mountains.



"In the same way, there are cases where a meditator -- foolish, inexperienced, unfamiliar with his or her field, unskilled in withdrawing from sensuality, withdrawing from unskillful states, and entering and remaining in the first absorption, which is characterized by rapture and happiness born of withdrawal, accompanied by applied and sustained attention -- does not stick with a meditation object, does not develop it, pursue it, or become firmly established in it [i.e., does not learn and practice the mastery of each absorption].



"The thought occurs to that meditator, 'What if I, with the stilling of applied and sustained attention, were to enter and remain in the second absorption, which is characterized by rapture and happiness born of concentration, intensification of awareness free from applied and sustained attention.'



"That meditator is not able... to enter and remain in the second absorption... The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the first absorption... [but] is not [even] able... to enter and remain in the first absorption.



"This is called a meditator who has slipped and fallen on both sides, like the mountain cow, foolish, inexperienced, unfamiliar with its field, unskilled in roaming on rugged mountains.







SMART COW

"But suppose there were a mountain cow -- wise, experienced, familiar with its field, skilled in roaming on rugged mountains -- and it were to think, 'What if I were to go in a direction I have never gone before, eat grass I have never eaten before, drink water I never drank before!'



"It would lift its hind hoof only after having firmly placed its front hoof and [as a result] would go in a direction it had never gone before... drink water it never drank before. And as for the place where it was standing when the thought occurred, 'What if I were...,' it would return there safely.



"Why? It is because it is a wise, experienced mountain cow, familiar with its field, skilled in roaming on rugged mountains.



FOUR MATERIAL JHANAS

"In just the same way, there are cases where a meditator -- wise, experienced, familiar with the field, skilled in withdrawing from sensuality, withdrawing from unskillful states, entering and remaining in the first absorption, which is characterized by rapture and happiness born of withdrawal, accompanied by applied and sustained attention -- stays with a meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if, with the stilling of applied and sustained attention, I were to enter and remain in the second absorption, which is characterized by rapture and happiness born of concentration, intensification of awareness, free from applied and sustained attention?'



"Without yet ascending to the second absorption -- but with the stilling of applied and sustained attention -- that meditator enters and remains in the second absorption, which is characterized by rapture and happiness born of concentration, intensification of awareness, free of applied and sustained attention.



"One stays with that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if, with the fading of rapture, I... were to enter and remain in the third absorption...' Without yet ascending to the third absorption, but with the fading of rapture, one remains equanimous, mindful, and alert, and experiences pleasure with the body. One enters and remains in the third absorption, of which the Noble Ones say, 'Equanimous and mindful, one abides joyfully.'



"One maintains that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the fourth absorption...' Without yet ascending to the fourth absorption, but with the abandoning of both rapture and happiness -- and the earlier fading away of both pleasure and pain -- one enters and remains in the fourth absorption, which is characterized by equanimity [impartiality] and mindfulness, neither-pleasure-nor-pain.



"One keeps that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



FOUR IMMATERIAL JHANAS

"The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the dimension of boundless space.' Without yet ascending to the dimension of boundless space, but with the complete transcending of perceptions of [physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not heeding perceptions of diversity [mental proliferation], [perceiving,] 'Space is boundless,' one enters and remains in the dimension of boundless space.



"One maintains that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the dimension of boundless consciousness.' Without yet ascending to it, but with the complete transcending of the dimension of boundless space, [perceiving,] 'Consciousness is boundless,' one enters and remains in the dimension of boundless consciousness.



"One maintains that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the dimension of nothingness [no-thing-ness, one of the 31 Planes of Existence, also called the sphere of the void].'



"Without yet ascending to the dimension of nothingness, but with the complete transcending of the dimension of boundless consciousness, [perceiving,] 'There is no-thing,' one enters and remains in the dimension of nothingness.



"One maintains that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



"The thought occurs, 'What if I... were to enter and remain in the dimension of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.' Without yet ascending to it, but with the complete transcending of the dimension of nothingness, one enters and remains in the dimension of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.



One maintains that meditation object, develops it, pursues it, and becomes firmly established in it.



ATTAINMENT OF CESSATION

"The thought occurs, 'What if I, with the complete transcending of the dimension of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, were to [emerge from the absorptions and, if one is at least a non-returner, were to] enter and remain in the cessation of perception and feeling.'



"Without yet going to the cessation of perception and feeling, but with the complete transcending of the [highest and subtlest absorption (jhana) known as the] dimension of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, one enters and rests in the cessation of perception and feeling.



"When a meditator [frequently a monastic] enters and emerges from that very attainment, the mind is pliant and malleable. With this pliant, malleable mind, limitless concentration is available.



"With this limitless concentration, whichever of the six higher knowledges one turns one's mind to know and see, one can witness it whenever there is an opening.



MAGICAL POWERS

"Moreover, if one wishes, one wields manifold supernormal powers: Having been one, the adept meditator becomes many; having been many, the adept becomes one.



One appears, disappears, goes unimpeded through walls, ramparts, and mountains as if through space; dives in and out of the ground as if it were water; walks on water without sinking as if it were dry land; sitting crosslegged flies through the air like a winged bird; extending a hand, touches and strokes even the Sun and Moon, so mighty and powerful; goes physically exercises influence over this body even as far as the brahma worlds [supreme divine planes of existence].



"All of this is possible whenever there is an opening.



"If one wishes, one hears -- by means of the divine ear, purified and surpassing the human -- both kinds of sounds, divine and human, whether near or far. One knows and [hears] this whenever there is an opening.



"If one wishes, one knows the mind of other beings, other individuals, having encompassed them with one's own mind. One knows a mind beset by passion as a mind beset by passion, and a mind free of passion as a mind free of passion... a mind beset by aversion... a mind beset by delusion... a contracted mind as a contracted mind, and a scattered mind as a scattered mind.... an expanded mind as an expanded mind, and a shrunken mind as a shrunken mind..... an excelled [surpassable] mind as an excelled mind, and an unexcelled mind as an unexcelled mind.... a concentrated mind as a concentrated mind, and an unconcentrated mind as an unconcentrated mind.... a released mind as a released mind, and an unreleased mind as an unreleased mind.



"One knows and sees this whenever there is an opening.



"If one wishes, one recollects manifold past lives (lit. previous abodes of existence), that is, one birth, two births, three births, four, five, ten, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 1000, 100000, many aeons of cosmic contraction, many aeons of cosmic expansion, many aeons of cosmic contraction and expansion, [recollecting]:



"'There I had such a name, belonged to such an extended family, had such an appearance. Such was my food, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such the end of my life. Passing away from that state, I was reborn [lit. reappeared] there. There, too, I had such a name, belonged to such an extended family, had such an appearance. Such was my food, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such the end of my life. Passing away from that state, I was reborn here.'



"Thus one recalls manifold past lives in general and in detail. One knows and sees this for oneself whenever there is an opening.



"If one wishes, one sees -- by means of the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human -- beings passing away and reappearing [being reborn], and discerns how they are inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate in accordance with their karma:



"'These beings -- who were endowed with unwholesome conduct of body, speech, and mind, who reviled [insulted, disregarded] the Noble Ones [ariya, i.e., anyone who has attained any of the stages of enlightenment], held wrong views, and who undertook actions under the influence of wrong views -- with the breakup of the body, after death, such beings have reappeared on a plane of deprivation, in an unfortunate destination, the lower realms, even the hells.



"But these [other] beings -- who were endowed with wholesome (kusala) conduct of body, speech, and mind, who did not revile [but who listened and regarded] the Noble Ones, who held right views, and who undertook actions under the influence of right views -- with the breakup of the body, after death, such beings have reappeared in fortunate destinations [human plane and higher], even in heavenly worlds.'



"Thus -- by means of the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human -- one sees beings passing away and reappearing, and discerns how they are inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate in accordance with their karma.



"One knows and see all this for oneself whenever there is an opening.



"Then if one wishes, through the stilling of mental proliferation, one remains in the unsurpassed freedom of mind, freedom of heart, freedom through wisdom, full liberation here and now.







"One knows and sees all this for oneself whenever there is an opening."

For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted, and redistributed in any medium. It is the author's wish, however, that any such republication and redistribution be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis and that translations and other derivative works be clearly marked as such.

Monday, May 30, 2011

How Many Past Lives Have We Had?

In the Buddha’s Words by Bhikkhu Bodhi edited by Seven for Wisdom Quarterly

Buddha, Thailand (PhotAsia/Flickr.com, Photasia.net)

Without Discoverable Beginnings

(1) Grass and Sticks
The Buddha said: “Disciples, this samsara [literally, "faring on, wandering on" through rebirths] is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on [through the cycle of repeated births and deaths] hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.



[The search for such an ultimate beginning is one of the Four Imponderables.* If pondered and pursued it would be useless and lead to derangement. Yet if such a pursuit could succeed, it would nevertheless not lead to dispassion, enlightenment, and liberation from suffering. If it did lead to the end of suffering, the Buddha would have taught it.]

“Suppose, disciples, a man would cut up whatever grass, sticks, branches, and leaves there are in this Jambudipa [the "Rose Apple Land" or Indian subcontinent] and collect them together into a single heap. Having done so, he would put them down, saying for each one: ‘This is my mother, this my mother's mother.’

“The sequence of that man's mothers and grandmothers would not come to an end, yet the grass, sticks, branches, and leaves in this Jambudipa would be used up and exhausted. For what reason? Disciples, it is because this samsara is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

“For such a long time, disciples, you have experienced suffering, anguish, and disaster, and swelled up the cemeteries. It is enough to become disenchanted with all formations, enough to become dispassionate toward them, enough to be liberated from them.” (SN 15:1; II 178)



(2) Balls of Clay
Disciples, this samsara is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving. Suppose, disciples, a man would reduce this great Earth to balls of clay the size of jujube kernels and put them down, saying [for each one]: ‘This is my father, this my father's father.’ The sequence of that man's fathers and grandfathers would not come to an end, yet this great Earth would be used up and exhausted.


For what reason? Disciples, it is because this samsara is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

For such a long time, disciples, you have experienced suffering, anguish, and disaster, and swelled up the cemeteries. It is enough to become disenchanted with all formations, enough to become dispassionate toward them, enough to be liberated from them."
(SN 15:2; II 179)

(3) The Mountain
A certain monk approached the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said: "Venerable sir, how long is an aeon?"

"An aeon is long, monk. It is not easy to count it and say it is so many years, or so many hundreds of years, or so many thousands of years, or so many hundreds of thousands of years."

"Then, venerable sir, is it possible to give a simile?"

“It is possible, monk," the Buddha said. "Suppose, monk, there was a great stone mountain a yojana [seven miles] long, a yojana wide, and a yojana high, without cracks or crevices, one solid mass of rock.



At the end of every hundred years a man would stroke it once with a piece of fine silk cloth. That great stone mountain might by his effort be worn away and eliminated, yet one aeon would still not have elapsed! So long is an aeon, monk.

"And of aeons this long, we have wandered through so many aeons, so many hundreds of aeons, so many thousands of aeons, so many hundreds of thousands of aeons. For what reason? It is because, monk, this samsara is without discoverable beginning.... It is enough to be liberated from them." (SN 15:5; II 181-82)

(4) The River Ganges
At Rajagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel's Sanctuary, a certain brahmin approached the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side and asked: "Master Gotama, how many aeons have elapsed and gone by?"


Ganges at Varanasi, where Buddhism began in the Deer Park at Sarnath

"Brahmin, many aeons have elapsed and gone by. It is not easy to count them and say there are so many aeons, or so many hundreds of aeons, or so many thousands of aeons, or so many hundreds of thousands of aeons."

“But is it possible to give a simile, Master Gotama?”

“It is possible, brahmin,” the Buddha said. “Imagine, brahmin, the grains of sand between the point where the river Ganges originates and the point where it enters the great ocean: It is not easy to count these and say there are so many grains of sand, or so many hundreds of grains, or so many thousands of grains, or so many hundreds of thousands of grains.



“Brahmin, the aeons that have elapsed and gone by are even more numerous than that! It is not easy to count them and say that there are so many aeons, or so many hundreds of aeons, or so many thousands of aeons, or so many hundreds of thousands of aeons.

“For what reason? It is because, brahmin, this samsara is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

“For such a long time, brahmin, you have experienced suffering, anguish, and disaster, and swelled up the cemeteries. It is enough to become disenchanted with all formations, enough to become dispassionate toward them, enough to be liberated from them.” (SN 15:8; II 183-84)

(5) Dog on a Leash
“Monks, this samsara is without discoverable beginning. A first point is not able to be discerned of beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

“There comes a time, disciples, when the great ocean dries up and evaporates and no longer exists. But still, I say, there is no making an end of suffering for those beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

“There comes a time, disciples, when Mt. Sineru, the king of mountains, burns up and perishes and no longer exists. But still, I say, there is no making an end of suffering for those beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.

“There comes a time, disciples, when the great Earth burns up and perishes and no longer exists. But still, I say, there is no making an end of suffering for those beings roaming and wandering on hindered by ignorance and bound by craving.



“Suppose, disciples, a dog were tied up on a leash bound to a strong post. It would just keep on running and revolving around that post. So too, the uninstructed ordinary worldling regards
  1. form as self...
  2. feeling as self...
  3. perception as self...
  4. volitional formations as self...
  5. consciousness as self....
“One just keeps running and revolving around form, around feeling, around perception, around volitional formations, around consciousness [the Five Aggregates of Existence].

“As it keeps on running and revolving around them, it is not freed from form, not freed from feeling, not freed from perception, not freed from volitional formations, not freed from consciousness.

“It is not freed from birth, aging, and death; not freed from sorrow, lamentation, pain, dejection, and despair; not freed from suffering, I say.” (SN 22:99; II 149-50)

*The Four Imponderables
Numerical Discourses of the Buddha (A.IV.7)
These Four Imponderables are not to be pondered (or speculated about). Anyone who persisted in pondering them would come unhinged and experience vexation:
  1. The sphere of a buddha's influence (the buddha-range of a buddha, i.e., the range of powers a buddha develops as a result of becoming a supremely enlightened teacher)...
  2. The jhana-range of one absorbed in jhana (the range of powers it is possible to develop based on the eight meditative absorptions]...
  3. The results (or working out) of karma...
  4. The [first cause, moment, purpose, etc., of the] universe...

Rebirth: Wandering Without End

Bhikkhu Bodhi and Wisdom Quarterly (COMMENTARY)


The Buddha's teaching addresses something not immediately perceptible to us: our bondage to the Round of Rebirths.

From the selection of texts on similes regarding the boundless series of rebirths that has been cycling without any discernible beginning in time comes a frightening possibility.

This cycle is called samsara, a Pali/Sanskrit word that suggests the idea of directionless wandering or faring on. No matter how far back in time we may seek a beginning to the universe, there was never a moment of initial creation.


There are, however, periodic "creations" or, more correctly speaking, "impersonal formations" at the beginning of each world-system.

There was no creator; they simply follow a natural cyclical process of evolution and devolution. At times these world-systems are referred to as universes within a multiverse.

But if we reserve the term "universe" to everything in the entire cosmos inclusive of all the countless world-systems, there is no beginning to be found. World-systems last a great aeon (maha-kalpa) passing through four incalculable or uncertain phases: formation, duration, contraction, and an empty time.

This period of calm is followed by yet another formation, another revolution, which may be thought of as a Big Bang. But a Big Bang in no way explains the actual first cause or creation of the universe ("all that is") only another round of development, operation, chaotic dissolution, and quiescence.



Similarly, just as world-systems evolve and dissolve over billions of years, each different but each arising from the former, the same goes for individual rebirths. Each past and future life is a point along an ever-changing line of identity and attachment, the sense that a single entity is carrying on. Aggregates of clinging recur through countless deaths and rebirths.

As in the former case so in the latter, there is no beginning point to be found. Moreover, there would be no benefit to finding one if it became possible to find. For knowing it would not bring about the end of suffering (nirvana).

No matter how far back we may trace any given individual sequence of lives, we can never arrive at a first point.



How long will the Round of Rebirth last?
According to these texts (given in full In the Buddha’s Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon (Teachings of the Buddha), even if we were to trace the sequence of our mothers and fathers across world-systems, we would only come upon still more mothers and fathers stretching back into the far horizons.

Moreover, the frightening prospect is that the process is not only beginningless, it is also potentially endless! This may not seem frightful to anyone who does not see suffering -- or grasp the Four Noble Truths even intellectually -- and the potential for far greater suffering due to karma produced in ignorance driven by craving.

As long as ignorance and craving remain intact, the process will continue indefinitely into the future.

For the Buddha and Early Buddhism, this is above all the defining crisis at the heart of the our condition: We are bound to a chain of rebirths, and bound to it by nothing other than our own ignorance and craving.

The pointless wandering on in samsara -- suffering as we chase pleasure, enduring happiness, and security where it cannot be found -- occurs against a cosmic background of inconceivably vast dimensions.

The period of time that it takes for a world system to evolve, reach its phase of maximum expansion, then contract, and disintegrate is called a kappa (Sanskrit, kalpa) or aeon.

The texts offer vivid similes to suggest the duration of the various types of aeons; others offer vivid similes to illustrate the incalculable number of aeons through which we have already wandered interacting in all kinds of relationships with one another.

As beings fare along, wandering and roaming from life to life, shrouded in the darkness of ignorance over what is going on or what is causing the unsatifactoriness and rebirths, they fall again and again into the chasm of birth, aging, sickness, and death.

They fall again and again into the chasm of incomprehensibly woeful realms in the unfortunate destinations -- the worlds of animals, ghosts, monsters, and hellions.

Because their craving propels them forward in a relentless quest for gratification of sensual desires, ambitions, and running from pain, they seldom pause long enough to step back and carefully consider their existential plight.



As Text 1,4(5) states, they just just keep revolving around the Five Aggregates in the way a dog on a leash might run around a post or pillar. Since their ignorance prevents them from recognizing the vicious nature of their condition, they cannot discern even the tracks of a path to deliverance.

Most beings live immersed in the enjoyment of or the search for sensual pleasures. Others -- driven by the need for power, status, and esteem -- pass their lives in vain attempts to fill an unquenchable thirst.

Many, fearful of annihilation at death, construct belief systems that ascribe to their individual selves, their "souls," the prospect of eternal life. They do not perceive that this constructed "self" is perishing at every moment, changing, altering, and hurtling towards destruction.

A few yearn for a path to liberation. But they do not know where to find one. It was precisely to offer such a path that the Buddha has appeared in our midst. Buddhism originally was precisely a path-of-practice to the end of suffering.